The role of influencers in the communication of cruelty-free products on instagram: an exploratory study on the impact of sustainability in the beauty industry

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26441/RC23.2-2024-3588

Keywords:

Cruelty-free, Influencers, Instagram, Animal Welfare, Sustainability, Beauty Industry

Abstract

The growing concern about animal welfare has caused consumers to increase interest in sustainable products. Consequently, the beauty industry is increasingly committed to cruelty-free products. The rise of social media and influencers has driven this shift towards ethical and responsible consumption. Platforms such as Instagram have played a relevant role in disseminating messages related to sustainability through these opinion leaders. The research conducted a methodological triangulation to understand how beauty influencers communicate cruelty-free content and how these messages influence their followers. The methodological design includes a content analysis, a survey and in-depth interviews. The study’s findings indicate that beauty influencers’ communicative efforts are limited and do not significantly impact the prescription of cruelty-free products. The conclusions recommend expanding communication strategies in other digital media to increase awareness in the public sphere for sustainable social change.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Eduardo Villena-Alarcón, Universidad de Málaga

Doctor en Comunicación por la Universidad de Málaga. Profesor Titular de Universidad en el Departamento de Comunicación Audiovisual y Publicidad de la Universidad de Málaga. Investigador Principal en el proyecto de investigación: Sostenibilidad de la moda en el Metaverso y miembro del grupo de investigación: Contenidos audiovisuales avanzados. Su línea de investigación versa en torno a la comunicación de la moda. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-8506, eduardo.villena@uma.es

Jorge Zarauza-Castro, Centro Universitario San Isidoro

Doctor en Comunicación por la Universidad de Sevilla. Profesor e investigador del Centro Universitario San Isidoro, adscrito a la Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Actualmente participa en el proyecto de investigación: Sostenibilidad de la moda en el Metaverso. Sus principales líneas de investigación están relacionadas con la comunicación audiovisual, la historia del cine, las redes sociales y la moda. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6319-7080, jzarauza@centrosanisidoro.es

References

Abad, P. (2020, junio). El objetivo de la industria cosmética para 2030: el desarrollo sostenible. Vogue España. https://www.vogue.es/belleza/articulos/industria-cosmetica-desarrollo-sostenible

Al-Nuaimi, S. y Al‐Ghamdi, S. (2022). Sustainable Consumption and Education for Sustainability in Higher Education. Sustainability, 14(12), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127255

Bakshy, E., Hofman, J. M., Mason W. A., y Watts, D. J. (2011). Everyone's an influencer: quantifying influence on Twitter. Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining, 65-74.

Boone, K., Kurtz, D. y Mackenzie, H.F. (2016). Contemporary Marketing. Nelson Education.

Borchers, N. y Enke, N. (2021). Managing strategic influencer communication: A systematic overview on emerging planning, organization, and controlling routines. Public Relations Review, 47(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102041

Bussy-Socrate, H. y Sokolova, K. (2023). Sociomaterial influence on social media: exploring sexualised practices of influencers on Instagram. Information Technology & People, 37(1), 308-327. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-03-2022-0215

Casal, J. y Mateu, E. (2003). Tipos de muestreo. Rev. Epidem. Med. Prev, 1(1), 3-7.

Casaló, L., Flavián, C. y Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. (2018). Influencers on Instagram: Antecedents and consequences of opinion leadership. Journal of Business Research, 117, 510-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.005

Cecchini, L., Torquati, B. y Chiorri, M. (2018). Sustainable agri-food products: A review of consumer preference studies through experimental economics. Agricultural Economics, 64(12), 554-565. https://doi.org/10.17221/272/2017-AGRICECON

Choi, S. M. y Rifon, N. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of web advertising credibility: A study of consumer response to banner ads. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 3(1), 12-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2002.10722064

Cornish, A. R., Briley, D., Wilson, B. J., Raubenheimer, D., Schlosberg, D. y McGreevy, P. D. (2020). The price of good welfare: Does informing consumers about what on-package labels mean for animal welfare influence their purchase intentions? Appetite, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2019.104577

Cruelty-free International (2021). About Cruelty-free. Cruelty-free International. https://crueltyfreeinternational.org/about-cruelty-free-international

Davies, I. A. y Gutsche, S. (2016). Consumer motivations for mainstream “ethical” consumption", European Journal of Marketing, 50(7/8), 1326-1347. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-11-2015-0795

Davison, W. P. (1983). The third-person effect in comunication. Public Opinon Quarterly, 47, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1086/268763

De Lenne, O., Vanhoffelen, G. y Vandenbosch, L. (2022). # BeautyInspo: Unraveling the Relationships Between Nonidealized Content on Different Media Platforms, Inspiration, and a Broad Conceptualization of Beauty. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(8), 481-488. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2022.0016

De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V. y Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through Instagram influencers: the impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International journal of advertising, 36(5), 798-828. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348035

Deloitte (2022). The Deloitte Global 2022 Gen Z and Millennial Survey. https://bit.ly/3W1jYOl

Djafarova, E. y Matson, N. (2021). Credibility of digital influencers on YouTube and instagram. International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising, 15(2), 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIMA.2021.114338

Eder, K. & Kousis, M. (2001). Environmental politics in Southern Europe: actors, institutions and discourses in a Europeanizing society. Springer Science & Business Media.

Fan, F., Chan, K., Wang, Y., Li, Y. y Prieler, M. (2023). How influencers’ social media posts have an influence on audience engagement among young consumers. Young Consumers, 24(4), 427-444. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-08-2022-1588

Feng, Y., Chen, H. y Kong, Q. (2021). An expert with whom I can identify: The role of narratives in influencer marketing. International Journal of Advertising, 40(7), 972-993. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2020.1824751

Fundación BBVA (2022). Visión y actitudes hacia los animales en la sociedad española. https://www.fbbva.es/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Presentacion-Estudio-de-Animales.pdf

Gallagher, S. (2021). How influencer relations works. Journal of Professional Communication, 6(2), 37-61.

Gerrath, M. y Usrey, B. (2020). The impact of influencer motives and commonness perceptions on follower reactions toward incentivized reviews. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 38(3), 531-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2020.09.010

Gilliland, N. (2019). How digital is shaping customer experiences in the beauty industry. Econsultancy. https://econsultancy.com/digital-customer-experience-trends-beauty-industry/

Giraldo-Patiño, C. L., Londoño-Cardozo, J., Micolta-Rivas, D. C. y O’neill-Marmolejo, E. (2021). Marketing sostenible y responsabilidad social organizacional: un camino hacia el desarrollo sostenible. Aibi Revista de investigación, administración e ingeniería, 9(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.15649/2346030X.978

Gloria Piña, A. (2021, mayo). Bienestar animal y objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, ¿cuál es su relación? Alianza Alimentaria. https://alianzaalimentaria.org/blog/bienestar-animal-y-objetivos-de-desarrollo-sostenible-cual-es-su-relacion

Gómez-Román, C., Lima, M. L., Seoane, G., Alzate, M., Dono, M. y Sabucedo, J. M. (2020). Testing Common Knowledge: Are Northern Europeans and Millennials More Concerned about the Environment? Sustainability, 13(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010045

González Romo, Z. F., García Medina, I. y Plaza Romero, N. (2017). Storytelling and social networking as tools for digital and mobile marketing of luxury fashion brands. Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 11(6), 136-149. http://hdl.handle.net/10609/93113

Grunert, K. G., Hieke, S. y Wills, J. (2014). Sustainability labels on food products: Consumer motivation, understanding and use. Food Policy, 44, 177–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2013.12.001

Hassan, S. H., Teo, S. Z, Ramayah, T. y Al-Kumaim, N. H. (2021). The credibility of social media beauty gurus in young millennials’ cosmetic product choice. Plos one, 16(3), e0249286. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249286

Hennigs, N., Karampournioti, E. y Wiedmann, K. (2016). Do as you would be done by: the importance of animal welfare in the global beauty care industry. Green Fashion, 1, 109-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0111-6_5

Horgan, R. y Gavinelli, A. (2006). The expanding role of animal welfare within EU legislation and beyond. Livestock Science, 103(3), 303-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.05.019

IAB Spain (2023). Estudio de Redes Sociales 2023. https://iabspain.es/estudio/estudio-de-redes-sociales-2023/

Influencer MarketingHub (2022). The state of influencer marketing. https://influencermarketinghub.com/influencer-marketing-benchmark-report/

Insight (2021). The state of consumer spending: Gen Z influencing all generations to make sustaiability-first purchasing decisions. https://bit.ly/3z4symf

Istania, F., Pratiwi, I. P., Yasmine, M. F. y Ananda, A. S. (2019). Celebrities and celebgrams of cosmetics: The mediating effect of opinion leadership on the relationship between instagram profile and consumer behavioral intention. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(8), 75-86.

Jarrar, Y., Awobamise, A. y Adebola, A. (2020). Effectiveness of Influencer Marketing vs Social Media Sponsored Advertising. Utopía y praxis latinoamericana: revista internacional de filosofía iberoamericana y teoría social, 12, 40-54. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4280084

Jin, S. V. y Muqaddam, A. (2019). Product placement 2.0: “Do brands need influencers, or do influencers need brands?”. Journal of Brand Management, 26, 522-537. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-019-00151-z

Jungherr, A., Posegga, O. y An, J. (2019). Discursive power in contemporary media systems: A comparative framework. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 24(4), 404–425. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219841543

Kay, S., Mulcahy, R. y Parkinson, J. (2020). When less is more: the impact of macro and micro social media influencers’ disclosure. Journal of marketing management, 36(3-4), 248-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1718740

Kim, J. & Kim, S. (2020). The impact of K-beauty social media influencers, sponsorship, and product exposure on consumer acceptance of new products. Fashion and Textiles, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-020-00239-0

Kim, S. & Seock, Y.(2009). Impacts of health and environmental consciousness on young female consumers’ attitude towards and purchase of natural beauty products. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(6), 627–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00817.x

King, Chris (2023). Informe sobre las tendencias en redes sociales a escala global. HubSpot. https://bit.ly/3R1TbiL

Konstantopoulou, A., Rizomyliotis, I., Konstantoulaki, K. y Badahdah, R. (2019). Improving SMEs’ competitiveness with the use of Instagram influencer advertising and eWOM. International journal of organizational analysis, 27(2), 308-321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2018-1406

Krippendorff, K. (2012). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071878781

Kucukusta, D., Perelygina, M. y Lam, W. S. (2019). CSR communication strategies and stakeholder engagement of upscale hotels in social media. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(5), 2129-2148. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2018-0484

Langer, A. I. y Gruber, J. B (2021). Political agenda setting in the hybrid media system: Why legacy media still matter a great deal. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 26(2), 313-340. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161220925023

Lee, E. J., Bae, J. y Kim, K. H. (2020). The effect of environmental cues on the purchase intention of sustainable products. Journal of Business Research, 120, 425-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.10.048

Lee, H. y Kim, S. (2018). The influence of travel influencers on consumer decisions. Tourism Management, 39(2), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.04.001

Lee, J. A., Lee, S. Y., Ryoo, Y., Kim, W. y Sung, Y. (2022). The Psychological Consequences of Envying Influencers on Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 25(11), 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2022.0001

López-Sáez, M., Martínez-Rubio, J. L. y Arias, A. V. (1997). El efecto tercera persona en la campana electoral. Analisis desde la perspectiva de la conformidad superior del yo The third-person effect in the electoral campaign. Revista de psicología social, 12(2), 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1174/021347497761111376

Lord, K. R. y Putrevu, S. (1993). Advertising and publicity: an information processing perspective. Journal of Economic Psychology, 14, 57–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(93)90040-R

Mañas-Viniegra, L., Núñez-Gómez, P. y Tur-Viñes, V. (2020). Neuromarketing as a strategic tool for predicting how Instagramers have an influence on the personal identity of adolescents and young people in Spain. Heliyon, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03578

Martínez, A. (2023). La entrevista en profundidad y la observación directa: observaciones cualitativas para un enfoque holístico. En J.M. Moreno y J.M. Cortés (Coords.) Caminos de utopía: Las ciencias sociales en las nuevas sociedades inteligentes. UNO Editorial.

Martínez, R. y González, C. (2018). Brand Communication on Instagram, a Gender Issue? The Role of the Fashion Influencer. Masculinities & Social Change, 7(3), 230-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/mcs.2018.3693

McCombs, M. (2006). Estableciendo la agencia. El impacto de los medios en la opinión pública y el conocimiento. Paidós.

Merck Group (2022). Sostenible o nada. El futuro que ambicionan los millennials y zeta europeos. https://www.merckgroup.com/es-es/pr/2022/Encuesta%20Europea%20segunda%20ola.pdf

Miele, M., Blokhuis, H., Bennett, R. y Bock, B. (2013). Changes in farming and in stakeholder concern for animal welfare. Improving farm animal welfare: Science and society working together: the Welfare Quality approach, 19-47.

Min, C., Lee, E. y Zhao, L. (2018). Mining Social Media Data to Discover Topics of Sustainability: The Case of Luxury Cosmetics Brands and Animal Testing. En C. K. Y. Lo y J. Ha-Brookshire (Eds.), Sustainability in Luxury Fashion Business. Springer Series in Fashion Business.

Munsch, A. (2021). Millennial and generation Z digital marketing communication and advertising effectiveness: A qualitative exploration. Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science, 31(1), 10-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2020.1808812

NielsenIQ. (2023). Growing Sustainable Beauty Trends for Emerging Brands in 2023. https://nielseniq.com/global/en/insights/education/2023/sustainable-beauty-2023/

Nosto (2021). The future of beauty and skincare ecommerce. www.nosto.com/wp-content/uploads/beauty-skincare-consumer-report-2021.pdf

Pangaribuan, C. H., Ravenia, A. y Sitinjak, M. F. (2019). Beauty Influencer’s User-Generated Content On Instagram: Indonesian Millennials Context. Int’l J of Sci. & Tech. Res., 8(9), 1911-1917.

Pérez Curiel, C. & Sanz Marcos, P. (2019). Estrategia de marca, influencers y nuevos públicos en la comunicación de moda y lujo. Tendencia Gucci en Instagram. Prisma Social: revista de investigación social, (24), 1-24.

Pérez, M. y García, L. (2019). Influencers and sexual education: The impact on adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 789-805. https://doi.org/10.5678/jah.2019.45.4.789

Pilgrim, K. y Bohnet-Joschko, S. (2019). Selling health and happiness how influencers communicate on Instagram about dieting and exercise: mixed methods research. BMC public health, 19, 1-9.

Radin, S. (2020, junio). Everything To Know About Animal Testing In The Beauty Industry. British Vogue. https://www.vogue.co.uk/beauty/article/cruelty-free-beauty

Reynolds, T. J.; & Gutman, J. (1988). Laddering theory, method, analysis, and interpretation, Journal of Advertising Research, 28(1), 11-31.

Roca, M. (2014). La transformación de la industria publicitaria en la era digital. Percepciones de los profesionales en Estados Unidos: retos y oportunidades. Telos: Cuadernos de comunicación e innovación, 99, 64-74.

Rochford, E. (2021). Influencers and activists: Political performances in an increasingly online world. En W. J. Kahn (Ed.), Social media in the 21st century: Perspectives, Influences and Effects on Well-being. Nova Science Publishers.

Salam, M. T., Smith, K. T. y Mehboob, F. (2021). Purchase intention for green brands among Pakistani millennials. Social Responsibility Journal, 18(3), 469-483. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-08-2020-0341

Schouten, A. P., Janssen, L. y Verspaget, M. (2020). Celebrity vs. influencer endorsements in advertising: The role of identification, credibility, and product-endorser fit. International Journal of Advertising, 39(2), 258–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898

Schroeder, B. (2019, noviembre). This Global Industry Will Be $390 Billion By 2024. Opportunities Abound to Offer Natural, Green and Organic Solutions. Forbes. https://bit.ly/3rl8gBC

Shahbaznezhad, H.; Dolan, R. y Rashidirad, M. (2021). The Role of Social Media Content Format and Platform in Users’ Engagement Behavior. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 53(1), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.05.001

Sidorenko P., Cabezuelo, F. y Herranz de la Casa, J. M. (2021) Instagram como herramienta digital para la comunicación y divulgación científica: el caso mexicano de @pictoline. Chasqui: Revista Latinoamericana de Comunicación, (147), 143-162. http://hdl.handle.net/10641/2919

Silva, A., Fonseca, M. J., Ribeiro, P., Castro, M. y Teixeira, A. (2021). Factors Influencing the Purchase Intention of Cruelty-free Cosmetics in Portuguese Consumers – An Exploratory Approach. En Á. Rocha, C. Ferrás, P. C. López-López y T. Guarda (Eds.), Information Technology and Systems. ICITS 2021. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1331. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68418-1_25

Singh, S. (2023). Cruelty-free Cosmetics Market. Market Research Future. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/cruelty-free-cosmetics-market-3825

Siti, A., Parashakti, R., Mahfud, I. y Adha, S. (2019). Online consumer review and beauty influencer on cosmetics purchase intention of indonesian female consumers. Journal of Business, Management, & Accounting, 1(1).

Smith, B. G., Golan, G. y Freberg, K. (2023). Influencer relations: Establishing the concept and process for public relations. Public Relations Review, 49(2), 102305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2023.102305

Smith, J. y Johnson, A. (2020). The role of influencers in media literacy among youth. Journal of Media Studies, 15(3), 234-256. https://doi.org/10.1234/jms.v15i3.5678

Swani, K. y Labrecque, L. (2020). Like, Comment, or Share? Self-presentation vs. brand relationships as drivers of social media engagement choices. Marketing Letters, 31, 279-298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-020-09518-8

Tafesse, W. y Wood, B. P. (2021). Followers’ engagement with instagram influencers: The role of influencers’ content and engagement strategy. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 58, 102303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102303

Ting, C., Ganak, J., Summers, L., Adesanya, O., McCoy, L., Liu, H. y Tai, Y. (2021). Understanding Perceived Value and Purchase Intention toward Eco-Friendly Athleisure Apparel: Insights from U.S. Millennials. Sustainability, 13(14), 7946. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13147946

Urban, K., Giesey, R. y Delost, G. (2022). A Guide to Informed Skincare: The Meaning of Clean, Natural, Organic, Vegan, and Cruelty-free. Journal of Drugs in Dermatology: JDD, 21(9), 1012-1013. https://doi.org/10.36849/JDD.6795

Villena-Alarcón, E. y Fernández-Torres, M. J. (2020). Relaciones con los públicos a través de Instagram: los influencers de belleza como caso de estudio. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, 10(19), 111-132. https://doi.org/10.5783/revrrpp.v10i19.641

Voorveld, H. (2019). Brand communication in social media: A research agenda. Journal of Advertising, 48(1), 14-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2019.1588808

Watters, J. y Biernacki, P. (1989). Targeted sampling: Options for the study of hidden populations. Social Problems, 36(4), 416-430.

Weinswig, D. (5 de octubre de 2016). Influencers Are The New Brands. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/deborahweinswig/2016/10/05/influencers-are-the-new-brands/

Zhang, X. y Dong, F. (2020). Why do consumers make green purchase decisions? Insights from a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(18), 6607. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186607

Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S. y Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computer in Human Behavior, 24(5), 1816-1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.012

Published

04/09/2024

How to Cite

Villena-Alarcón, E., & Zarauza-Castro, J. . (2024). The role of influencers in the communication of cruelty-free products on instagram: an exploratory study on the impact of sustainability in the beauty industry. Revista De Comunicación, 23(2), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.26441/RC23.2-2024-3588

Issue

Section

Papers