Inteligencia artificial en la prensa: estudio comparativo y exploración de noticias con ChatGPT en un medio tradicional y otro nativo digital

Alberto Quian; José Sixto-García

doi:10.26441/RC23.1-2024-3374

Authors

Alberto Quian Universidade de Santiago de Compostela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-7999
José Sixto-García Universidade de Santiago de Compostela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-0975

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26441/RC23.1-2024-3374

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, Fourth Industrial Revolution, journalism, press, synthetic texts

Abstract

: In the Fourth Industrial Revolution, journalism cannot remain oblivious to the innovations brought about by the socio-technological reality. Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the technologies on the rise, although the Spanish media have incorporated it little, experimentally and in specific sections. This research has two objectives: 1) to know the state of development of AI in the Spanish digital media and the industry's perception of the impact of this technology on the profession; 2) to explore a human vs synthetic text generation detection method to assess whether generative AI is being used in media. A comparative study was carried out between two media of reference in Spain, one matrix and conservative ideology (El Mundo), and another digital native and progressive trend (eldiario.es). The methodology was based on methodological triangulation and included a survey and an experiment with ChatGPT to detect whether a sample of texts published in these two media was created by humans or machines. The results diagnose that none of these newspapers apply AI, although they are designing plans to do so, and that there seems to be a lack of AI experts in the newsrooms, although a significantly higher predisposition towards AI in the native media is not confirmed as opposed to the matrix. The analyses carried out confirm that generative AI is not used to create texts. The method applied can be used in other studies because its validity is confirmed to provide clues about the human or artificial origin of journalistic texts.

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Author Biographies

Alberto Quian, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

PhD in Media Research, Extraordinary PhD Award. Assistant professor of Journalism at Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Member of Novos Medios [GI-1641 NM] research groups. His main line of research is the impact and application of hacker culture and hacker ethic on journalism, media, and network society. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-7999, alberto.quian@usc.es

José Sixto-García, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Doctor en Comunicación y Periodismo, y MBA. Profesor de Periodismo en la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Pertenece al grupo de investigación Novos Medios [GI-1641 NM] y fue director del Instituto de Medios Sociales (2013-2019). Su investigación se centra en los escenarios digitales, los medios sociales y la deontología periodística. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-0975, jose.sixto@usc.es

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