Movilización, ecualización y retórica populista en Facebook. Campañas presidenciales de Brasil, Colombia, Chile y Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26441/RC24.2-2025-3937Palabras clave:
Comunicación política, Facebook, eleciones, Sudamérica, movilización, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, PerúResumen
Propósito. Las democracias occidentales experimentan el surgimiento de actores que han conquistado posiciones de poder mediante el uso de novedosas estrategias de comunicación digital y narrativas de campaña populista. El objetivo de este estudio es ofrecer una descripción analítica de las estrategias de comunicación digital empleadas por actores políticos nuevos y establecidos, así como evaluar la prevalencia de la retórica populista, en las más recientes elecciones presidenciales en Brasil, Colombia, Chile y Perú. Metodología. Se utiliza una base de datos compuesta por 2,930 publicaciones en Facebook de candidatos y partidos durante las campañas presidenciales. El análisis comparado de contenido utiliza el modelo analítico desarrollado por el proyecto Campaigning for Strasbourg. Resultados y conclusiones. Los resultados exponen una tendencia al uso más intenso de Facebook por parte de nuevos competidores. Los datos sugieren que todas las campañas analizadas hacen uso de la retórica populista, pero esta aparece más frecuentemente en el discurso de los partidos de oposición. A escala nacional, Colombia se destaca como el país donde el discurso populista y la campaña negativa estarían más generalizados. Aporte original. La investigación sobre las funciones que privilegian los actores políticos y la prevalencia de retórica populista en Facebook, durante las elecciones, se ha realizado principalmente en Europa y Estados Unidos. Este estudio extiende este análisis a Sudamérica. El análisis comparado de contenido permitió identificar diferencias significativas en el uso de Facebook y la retórica populista, así como descubrir particularidades tanto al nivel de los partidos como de los países.
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