¿Escuchar a la ciencia? Una propuesta de periodización histórica del problema de la comunicación del cambio climático
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26441/RC24.1-2025-3723Palabras clave:
cambio climático, historización, comunicación de la ciencia, calentamiento global, autoridad epistémicaResumen
Este artículo revisa la evolución del problema de la comunicación científica sobre el cambio climático desde 1988 hasta 2022, con el objetivo de determinar el estado actual de la cuestión e identificar los enfoques retóricos más ampliamente utilizados hasta la fecha. Metodológicamente, primero se establece una distinción entre hitos institucionales y momentos retóricos en discursos provenientes de la ciencia, la política y las artes/medios. Luego, se revisa un corpus general de 13,794 documentos, que incluye literatura científica, fuentes periodísticas e informes oficiales, lo que da lugar a una propuesta de periodización histórica en tres períodos: de 1988 a 2009, caracterizado por necesidades pragmáticas de comunicación; de 2010 a 2015, cuando surgió la necesidad de comunicar el cambio climático como un hecho social; y de 2016 a 2022, cuando el cambio climático comenzó a generar acciones políticas específicas en el ámbito internacional. Los resultados revelan evidencia de conexiones retóricas en los discursos utilizados por los diferentes actores involucrados en la configuración social del conocimiento público sobre el cambio climático. En cuanto a las conclusiones, es esencial explorar fórmulas híbridas de autoridad epistémica y llevar a cabo más investigaciones sobre un modelo dialógico de comunicación científica que no ignore la necesidad de "escuchar a la ciencia", al mismo tiempo que incluya la idea de una ciencia que escucha.
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