“Todo parece veraz”. Credibilidad de la desinformación producida usando IA desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de comunicación en España
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26441/RC24.2-2025-3872Palabras clave:
periodismo, inteligencia artificial, noticias falsas, jóvenes, credibilidad, desinformación, ChatGPTResumen
Propósito. El periodismo está viviendo una revolución tecnológica que está modificando sus procesos de producción de noticias y flujos de trabajo. Estas transformaciones se producen en paralelo al cambio de paradigma de los modos de consumo de noticias y al crecimiento de la aplicación de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA). Enmarcada en los estudios sobre la credibilidad percibida de las noticias y en la Teoría de la Disonancia Cognitiva, esta investigación cuestiona si los estudiantes universitarios del área de comunicación, futuros profesionales en este campo son capaces de distinguir las noticias falsas creadas con IA y las verdaderas elaboradas por humanos. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio mediante cuestionario para medir el grado de veracidad, precisión, claridad y, por tanto, credibilidad, de un total de seis noticias tanto falsas creadas utilizando ChatGPT como verdaderas que abordan temáticas de salud, migración y medioambiente. Resultados y conclusiones. Se observó que los participantes no diferencian las noticias falsas creadas con IA de las verdaderas elaboradas por humanos, en términos de veracidad, precisión, claridad y credibilidad. Asimismo, las noticias falsas fueron percibidas como más veraces, precisas y claras, incluso superando a las verdaderas en las tres variables. Aporte original. Se evidencia, por tanto, que el volumen y velocidad en el procesamiento de datos propio de la IA en combinación con la supervisión y conocimiento humanos multiplican las posibilidades de producir contenidos desinformativos con un potencial manipulador desconocidos hasta el momento.
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