Análisis de la cobertura de la Wikipedia en la prensa hispanohablante entre los años 2013 y 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26441/RC24.1-2025-3726Palabras clave:
Enciclopedias, Prensa y Lengua Española, Cobertura informática, Teoría de la comunicación, Análsis de datos, Análisis de tendencias, Análisis de contenido, Comunidades virtuales, Igualdad de género, Análisis léxicoResumen
Este artículo ofrece un análisis de la cobertura de Wikipedia en las noticias de medios digitales hispanohablantes. Se aplica la Teoría del Encuadre para examinar cómo los medios de comunicación presentan Wikipedia en los titulares de sus artículos. Se analizan 652 noticias extraídos de la base de datos Factiva entre los años 2013 y 2023. Se realizan diferentes análisis como distribución y la tendencia temporal de las noticias, la frecuencia y mapa de calor de palabras, el algoritmo de asignación latente de Dirichlet (LDA), la co-ocurrencia de palabras en el contenido y títulos aplicando procesamiento de lenguaje natural y técnicas de machine learning para el análisis de temas. El resultado del análisis permite observar que la prensa española es la que más ha publicado sobre Wikipedia, con un aumento en la cobertura durante eventos globales, como la pandemia de COVID-19 y el conflicto en Ucrania. También se observan controversias en torno a biografías de figuras públicas, especialmente políticos, en momentos clave. Además, el análisis revela un sesgo de género, ya que las mujeres participan menos en la edición de Wikipedia, y el contenido relacionado con ellas es eliminado con mayor frecuencia. Se concluye que es necesario promover una mayor diversidad en la comunidad de personas editoras y realizar más acciones para mitigar los sesgos en la plataforma.
Métricas
Citas
Afolabi, I. T., y Uzor, C. N. (2022). Topic Modelling for Research Perception: Techniques, Processes and a Case Study. En M. Al-Emran y K. Shaalan (Eds.), Recent Innovations in Artificial Intelligence and Smart Applications (pp. 221-237). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14748-7_13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14748-7_13
Aletras, N., y Stevenson, M. (2013). Evaluating Topic Coherence Using Distributional Semantics. En A. Koller y K. Erk (Eds.), Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Semantics (IWCS 2013) – Long Papers (pp. 13-22). Association for Computational Linguistics. https://aclanthology.org/W13-0102
Boté-Vericad, J.-J. (2024). Códigos Python Análisis de Contenidos de Noticías sobre Wikipedia en la prensa hispanoablante. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13827464
Boté-Vericad, J.-J. (2023). Integrating mixed methods to analyse information behaviour in the use of educational videos in higher education [Stiftung Universität Hildesheim]. https://doi.org/10.25528/141
Boté-Vericad, J.-J. (2022). Analysis of Spotify Spanish spoken profiles in Twitter. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6618902
Bradshaw, S., Elswah, M., Haque, M., y Quelle, D. (2024). Strategic storytelling: Russian state-backed media coverage of the Ukraine war. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 36(3), edae028. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edae028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edae028
Cambria, E., Schuller, B., Xia, Y., y Havasi, C. (2013). New Avenues in Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 28(2), 15-21. IEEE Intelligent Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2013.30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2013.30
Carmel, E. (2013). Mobility, migration and rights in the European Union: critical reflections on policy and practice. Policy Studies, 34(2), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2013.778028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2013.778028
Casado-Gutiérrez, F., Sánchez, R., Luque González, A., y García Guerrero, J. E. (2021). La pandemia Covid-19 según los medios internacionales: El caso de Ecuador a través de la teoría del framing en Twitter. RISTI: Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação, Extra 40, 410-422. https://www.risti.xyz/issues/ristie40.pdf#page=59
Chhabra, A., y Iyengar, S. R. S. (2020). Who Writes Wikipedia? An Investigation from the Perspective of Ortega and Newton Hypotheses. Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Open Collaboration, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3412569.3412578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3412569.3412578
Debus, M., y Florczak, C. (2022). Using party press releases and Wikipedia page view data to analyse developments and determinants of parties’ issue prevalence: Evidence for the right-wing populist ‘Alternative for Germany’. Research & Politics, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/20531680221116570 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20531680221116570
Ferran-Ferrer, N., Boté-Vericad, J.-J., y Minguillón, J. (2023). Wikipedia gender gap: A scoping review. El Profesional de la información, e320617. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.nov.17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2023.nov.17
Gluza, W., Turaj, I., y Meier, F. (2021). Wikipedia Edit-a-thons and Editor Experience: Lessons from a Participatory Observation. Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Open Collaboration, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1145/3479986.3479994 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3479986.3479994
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harper & Row.
Hinnosaar, M. (2019). Gender inequality in new media: Evidence from Wikipedia. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 163, 262-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.04.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.04.020
Hobolt, S. B., Leeper, T. J., y Tilley, J. (2021). Divided by the vote: Affective polarization in the wake of the Brexit referendum. British Journal of Political Science, 51(4), 1476–1493. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123420000125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123420000125
Johnson, G., Anderson, C., Dunning, K., y Williamson, R. (2024). National ocean policy in the United States: Using framing theory to highlight policy priorities between presidential administrations. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1370004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1370004
Kaffee, L.-A., Arora, A., y Augenstein, I. (2023). Why should this article be deleted? Transparent stance detection in multilingual Wikipedia editor discussions. En H. Bouamor, J. Pino, y K. Bali (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (pp. 5891–5909). Association for Computational Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.361 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.361
Keswani, K., Das, I., Shrivastava, B., Gupta, A., y Katarya, R. (2020). LDA based model for mining textual features from financial news articles. En 2020 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication Control and Networking (ICACCCN) (pp. 43–48). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCCN51052.2020.9362882 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICACCCN51052.2020.9362882
Krishnamoorthy, S. (2018). Sentiment analysis of financial news articles using performance indicators. Knowledge and Information Systems, 56(2), 373-394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-017-1134-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-017-1134-1
Lee, P. T. Y. (2018). In search of public agenda with text mining: An exploratory study of agenda setting dynamics between the traditional media and Wikipedia. En M. Ganji, L. Rashidi, B. C. M. Fung, y C. Wang (Eds.), Trends and applications in knowledge discovery and data mining (pp. 309–317). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04503-6_30 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04503-6_30
Liu, B. (2012). Sentiment analysis and opinion mining. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02145-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02145-9
Liu, C. (2020). Analysis of Relationship Between Hot News and Stock Market——Based on LDA Model and Event Study. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1616(1), 012048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1616/1/012048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1616/1/012048
Messner, M., y South, J. (2011). LEGITIMIZING WIKIPEDIA: How US national newspapers frame and use the online encyclopedia in their coverage. Journalism Practice, 5(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2010.506060 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2010.506060
Mishra, A., Sahay, A., Pandey, M. A., y Routaray, S. S. (2023). News text analysis using text summarization and sentiment analysis based on nlp. 2023 3rd International Conference on Smart Data Intelligence (ICSMDI), 28-31. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMDI57622.2023.00014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSMDI57622.2023.00014
Morris-O’Connor, D., Strotmann, A., y Zhao, D. (2022). Editorial Behaviors for Biasing Wikipedia Articles. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 59(1), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.618 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.618
Muñiz, C. (2011). Encuadres noticiosos sobre migración en la prensa digital mexicana: Un análisis de contenido exploratorio desde la teoría del framing. Convergencia, 18(55), 213-239.
Mutua, S. N., y Oloo, D. (2020). Online news media framing of COVID-19 pandemic: Probing the initial phases of the disease outbreak in international media. European Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Education, 1(2), e02006. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4667716 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30935/ejimed/8402
Pang, B., y Lee, L. (2008). Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, 21(2), 1-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1561/1500000011
Pérez-Salazar, G. (2019). Teoría del encuadre y plataformas sociodigitales de interacción: Un análisis de coyuntura. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 64(236), 333–353. https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2019.236.68820 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2019.236.68820
Petroni, F., Broscheit, S., Piktus, A., Lewis, P., Izacard, G., Hosseini, L., Dwivedi-Yu, J., Lomeli, M., Schick, T., Bevilacqua, M., Mazaré, P.-E., Joulin, A., Grave, E., y Riedel, S. (2023). Improving Wikipedia verifiability with AI. Nature Machine Intelligence, 5(10), 1142-1148. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00726-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-023-00726-1
Pinto, R., Lacerda, J., Silva, L., Araújo, A. C., Fontes, R., Lima, T. S., Miranda, A. E., Sanjuán, L., Gonçalo Oliveira, H., Atun, R., y Valentim, R. (2023). Text mining analysis to understand the impact of online news on public health response: Case of syphilis epidemic in Brazil. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1248121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248121
Piñeiro-Naval, V., y Mangana, R. (2018). Teoría del encuadre: Panorámica conceptual y estado del arte en el contexto hispano. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 24(2), 1541–1557. https://doi.org/10.5209/ESMP.62233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/ESMP.62233
Piñeiro-Naval, V.; Igartua, J.-J., Marañón-Lazcano, F. de J., y Sánchez-Nuevo, A. (2018). El análisis de contenido y su aplicación a entornos web: un caso empírico. Tendencias metodológicas en la investigación académica sobre comunicación. Espejo De Monografías De Comunicación Social, (2), 253–272. https://doi.org/10.52495/c6.2.emcs.2.mic6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52495/c6.2.emcs.2.mic6
Prasad, O. J., Nandi, S., Dogra, V., y Diwakar, D. S. (2023). A systematic review of NLP methods for Sentiment classification of Online News Articles. 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10308056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCNT56998.2023.10308056
Ptaszek, G., Yuskiv, B., y Khomych, S. (2024). War on frames: Text mining of conflict in Russian and Ukrainian news agency coverage on Telegram during the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Media, War & Conflict, 17(1), 41-61. https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352231166327 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/17506352231166327
Quintais, J. P. (2019). The new copyright in the digital single market directive: A critical look. European Intellectual Property Review, 2020(1). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3424770 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3424770
Ren, R., y Xu, J. (2024). It’s not an encyclopedia, it’s a market of agendas: Decentralized agenda networks between Wikipedia and global news media from 2015 to 2020. New Media & Society, 26(11), 6235-6259. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221149641 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221149641
Röder, M., Both, A., y Hinneburg, A. (2015). Exploring the space of topic coherence measures. En Proceedings of the Eighth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (pp. 399–408). https://doi.org/10.1145/2684822.2685324 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2684822.2685324
Sádaba, T. (2001). Origen, aplicación y límites de la "teoría del encuadre" (framing) en comunicación. Comunicación y Sociedad, 14, 143-175. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.14.36373 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.14.36373
Shao, D., Li, C., Huang, C., Xiang, Y., y Yu, Z. (2022). A news classification applied with new text representation based on the improved LDA. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 81(15), 21521–21545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12713-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12713-6
Silva, L., y Barbosa, L. (2022). Matching news articles and Wikipedia tables for news augmentation. Knowledge and Information Systems, 65(4), 1713–1734. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-022-01815-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-022-01815-0
Sv, S. B., y Geetha, A. (2019). Determination of news biasedness using content sentiment analysis algorithm. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 16(2), 882–889. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp882-889 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v16.i2.pp882-889
Szostek, J. (2018). Nothing is true? The credibility of news and conflicting narratives during “information war” in Ukraine. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(1), 116–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217743258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161217743258
Urologin, S. (2018). Sentiment analysis, visualization and classification of summarized news articles: A novel approach. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 9(8), 616–625. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2018.090878 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2018.090878
Valera-Ordaz, L. (2016). El sesgo mediocéntrico del 'framing' en España: Una revisión crítica de la aplicación de la teoría del encuadre en los estudios de comunicación. ZER: Revista de Estudios de Comunicación, 21(40), 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.17259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.16404
Vállez, M., Boté-Vericad, J.-J., Guallar, J., y Bastos, M. T. (2024). Indifferent about online traffic: The posting strategies of five news outlets during musk’s acquisition of twitter. Journalism Studies, 25(11), 1249-1271. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2024.2372437 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2024.2372437
Van Eck, N. J., y Waltman, L. (2023). VOSviewer (Version 1.6.20) [Computer software]. https://www.vosviewer.com
Walter, S. (2019). Better off without you? How the British media portrayed EU citizens in Brexit news. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 24(2), 210–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218821509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218821509
Wirawan, R., Krisnanik, E., y Arista, A. (2024). Text mining for news forecasting on the Turnback Hoax website. JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization, 8(1), 96–106. https://doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.1.1939 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62527/joiv.8.1.1939
Yang, P., y Colavizza, G. (2024). Polarization and reliability of news sources in Wikipedia. Online Information Review, 48(5), 908–925. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2023-0084 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-02-2023-0084
Yang, Y., Kaizhong, J., Mingjun, Y., & Laxin, H. (2022). Selecting optimal LDA numbers to identify news topics. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 6(11), 72–78. https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0115
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Methodology. En Case Study Research Design and Methods (3.ª ed., pp. 96–106). Sage.
Zheng, S. (2020). The communication power of Chinese novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) news reports in light of the framing theory. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 10(11), 1467–1473. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1011.18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1011.18
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Revista de Comunicación
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Portal de Revistas de la Universidad de Piura.